The 1st Corps, 2nd Division, 2nd Brigade

Also known as Baxter’s Brigade. 

During the battle of Gettysburg, it served as a member of Robinson's Division of the First Corps, Army of the Potomac.

The plaque to the brigade reads:
"On July 1. Arrived about noon took position on right of Corps on Mummasburg Road. Repulsed an attack of Col. O’Neal’s Brigade then changed front and with the assistance of Second Brigade First Division captured 1000 prisoners and three stand of colors of Brig. Gen. Iverson’s Brigade. Afterwards relieved by First Brigade and retired to the Railroad Cut to support Battery B 4th U. S.
At 4 P. M. retired to Cemetery Hill and constructed breastworks. The 11th Penna. was transferred to the First Brigade.
July 2. About 10 A. M. relieved by Second Brigade Second Division Second Corps and placed in reserve. At 4 P. M. supported a battery of Eleventh Corps. At sunset moved to the support of Third Corps then returned to support of Eleventh Corps.
July 3. Moved to the rear of the cemetery early in the morning in support of Twelfth Corps. At 2 P. M. formed on right and rear of Third Division Second Corps and there remained until the close of the battle. The Brigade went into action with less than 1200 men.
Casualties Killed 7 Officers 3 Men Wounded 31 Officers 227 Men Captured or Missing 12 Officers 338 Men Total 648"

Baxter was wounded four times during the war.   Baxter’s brigade arrived around noon just as Confederate Maj. Gen. Robert Rodes’s division began to appear on Oak Hill. Baxter’s brigade deployed along the Mummasburg Road. A Confederate brigade under Colonel Alfred Iverson advanced without skirmishers and moved past Baxter’s men, who were hidden behind a stone wall. Suddenly, Baxter’s brigade rose up and delivered a lethal fire into the North Carolinians. In one of the most one-sided exchanges during the war, Baxter’s surprise attack killed, wounded and captured 758 of 1300 men in Confederate Iverson’s brigade. Baxter’s men eventually withdrew to the north end of Cemetery Ridge, having lost all of the officers on Baxter’s staff and close to half the brigade in defense of the I Corps right flank.

Brigadier General Henry Baxter

97th New York Infantry

97th New York Infantry Monument

Located on Doubleday Avenue. It indicates the position occupied by the 97th (also known as The New York Conkling Rifles) on the afternoon of July 1, 1863. They counterattacked Iverson’s Brigade and captured 213 members of the 20th North Carolina Infantry. They eventually retreated through the town of Gettysburg

Dedication Date: July 1, 1889.  (26th anniversary of the actions in commemorates)

Survivors of 97th NY at dedication of their monument.  Picture from www.oneidacountyhistory.org/backintime/GettysburgMonument.asp

Commander: Col. Charles Wheelock Wounded and captured on July 1. He escaped during Lee's retreat eventually rejoining his regiment

Number Engaged: 255

Casualties: 12 killed, 36 wounded, 78 missing

Raised: Herkimer, Lewis, and Oneida counties.

Organized at Boonville, N.Y., and mustered in February 18, 1862, mustered out July 18, 1865.

Major Battles or Events:  2^nd Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Overland Campaign, Petersburg, Appomattox and the Grand Review 

*The Grand Review wasn't a battle, but a final review of the army through Washington DC.

88th Pennsylvania Infantry

88th Pennsylvania Monument

Located on Oak Ridge, on Doubleday Avenue.The monument indicates the position in the brigade line held by the 88th Pennsylvania Infantry on the afternoon of July 1, 1863.

Dedication Date: September 11, 1889.

Original cost of the monument was  $3,000.00.  There are several items on the top of the monument that represent important items from the daily lives of the soldiers of the regiment.  They include: cannons;  a trumpet; a revolver;  a flag; a drum; a sword; a rifle; a kepi hat; a canteen;  and haversack with bedroll,  all topped with an eagle.

Close up of top of 88th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument

The 88th Pennsylvania Infantry was also known as The Cameron Light Guards.

Raised: Philadelphia and Berks County

Organized at Philadelphia September, 1861 Mustered out June 30, 1865. 

Commander: Maj. Benzet F. Foust  Wounded on July 1.

Major Battles or Events:  Cedar Mountain; Second Bull Run; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; The Wilderness; Spotsylvania; Cold Harbor; Petersburg; Appomattox; Grand Review

Number Engaged: 296

Casualties: 4 killed, 55 wounded, 51 missing

Medal of Honor Awardee: Edward L. Gilligan. 

Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863.

 Date of issue: 30 April 1892. 

Citation: Assisted in the capture of a Confederate flag by knocking down the color sergeant.

Edward Gilligan MOH

Secondary Monuments and Markers

There are 3 additional or Secondary Markers to the 88th Pennsylvania.  I don't presently have pictures of them, but will tell you where they are, in the future I will do a post just of secondary markers.

Location: Forney Field, accessed via a trail from the monument along Doubleday Avenue. Marker is west of the Oak Ridge Tower parking area.  It represents the advanced position held by the regiment on July 1, 1863.

Location: South Hancock Avenue, Cemetery Ridge. South of the Pennsylvania Monument.  It represents the position held by the regiment on the 2nd of July 1863

Location: Ziegler’s Grove, North Hancock Avenue, southwest of the old visitor center parking area.  It represents the position held by the regiment on July 3rd 1863.

12th Massachusetts Infantry

12th Massachusetts Monument

Located on Oak Ridge, Doubleday Avenue. It designates the place where the regiment was placed behind the stone wall on July 1.

Dedication Date: October 8, 1885.

Has a relief of Daniel Webster and a flag on the body of the sculpture with a cartridge box, bayonet and scabbard on the base.  The monument had a cost of $500.

Secondary Monuments and Markers

There are two secondary markers showing different positions taken by the 12th Massachusetts.  Where I have pictures I will post them.

Location: South Hancock Avenue, Cemetery Ridge.

Description: Denotes the location of the regiment on July 2, 1863.

Secondary Marker to 12th Massachusetts Infantry, located on South Hancock Avenue.

Location: North Hancock Avenue, Ziegler’s Grove.

Description: Marker denotes the regiment’s position on July 3, 1863.

The 12th Massachusetts Infantry was also known as The Webster Regiment.  Note that Daniel Webster was represented on their main monument.

Commander: Col. James L. Bates wounded on July 1. Lt. Col. David Allen, Jr.

Number Engaged: 301

Casualties: 5 killed, 52 wounded, 62 missing

Raised: Essex, Norfolk, Plymouth, and Suffolk counties.

Organized at Fort Warren and mustered in June 26, 1861 Ordered home for muster out June 25. Mustered out July 8, 1864.

Major Battles or Events:   Cedar Mountain; Second Bull Run; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; The Wilderness; Spotsylvania; Cold Harbor; Petersburg

83rd New York Infantry

83rd New York Infantry Monument

Located on  Doubleday Avenue, Oak Ridge.  It indicates the position held by the regiment during the afternoon of July 1, 1863.

Dedication Date: July 1, 1888.  (25th anniversary of actions it commemorates)

This monument cost $6,000.00. It was the first monument dedicated to a regiment recruited from New York City

The 83rd New York Infantry was also known as City Guards.

Commander: Lt. Col. Joseph A. Moesch

Number Engaged: 215

Casualties: 6 killed, 18 wounded, 58 missing

Raised: New York City

Volunteered for three years’ service.  Mustered in at Washington June 8. 1861.  Veterans and Recruits transferred to 97th New York Infantry June 7, 1864 (end of 3 years' service).  Regiment mustered out at New York City June 23, 1864, expiration of term

Major Battles:  2nd Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor

90th Pennsylvania Infantry

90th Pennsylvania Monument

Located on  Doubleday Avenue on Oak Hill, it represents the position the unit held on the afternoon of July 1, 1863.

Dedication Date: September 3, 1889.

The monument resembles a branchless oak tree with several objects hung on it, including:  a knapsack; cartridge box; and a rifle.  There is also bronze "ivy" growing around the tree.  There's a bird's nest on the upper part of the tree with a robin above the nest.  There is a a story that during the battle, a member of the regiment saw a nest fall from a tree, and replaced the nest in the branches from which it fell. 

Secondary Monuments and Markers
There are 2 secondary markers and one additional monument to the 90th Pa.  Where I have pictures, they are posted, otherwise a description will have to suffice for now.

 Memorial  to Rev. Horatio Howell.

Location: On  the steps of the Christ Lutheran Church on Chambersburg Street in Gettysburg there is a memorial stone to Reverend Horation Howell marking the area where he was killed.

It was erected by the Survivors Association of the 90th Pennsylvania Volunteers and friends of  Rev. Howell.  Howell was shot to death on the steps of the church as the Gettysburg battle began. 
On March 13, 1862, he enlisted as the regimental chaplain of the 90th Pennsylvania Infantry in Philadelphia.
Dedicated September 1, 1889. 

Location: Ziegler’s Grove, North Hancock Avenue.  Represents positions held on July 2 and July 3, 1863.

Inscription: “Non sibi sed patraie” (Translates to "Not for self, but for country")

Rear view of 90th Pa Secondary Marker
for July 2 and 3 1863

Front (road) view of 90th Pa Secondary Marker

The monument is interesting in that it has corps symbols from both the First and Fifth Corps (circle inside Maltese cross in picture on right)

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 South Hancock Avenue near the Pennsylvania Monument.  It represents position held on July 2, 1863 during Barksdale's attack.

Description: A large native boulder with bronze plaque affixed, erected in 1889 by Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

90th Pa Secondary Marker for July 2, 1863

 The 90th wore a chassuer uniform.

Organized at Philadelphia October 1, 1861 Consolidated with 11th Pennsylvania Infantry November 26, 1864.

Raised: Philadelphia.

Commander: Col. Peter Lyle

Number Engaged: 208

Casualties: 8 killed, 45 wounded, 40 missing

Medal of Honor Awardee
Major Alfred J. Sellers
Place and date: At Gettysburg, Pa., 1 July 1863.
Date of issue: 21 July 1894.
Citation: Voluntarily led the regiment under a withering fire to a position from which the enemy was repulsed.

Major Alfred J. Sellers MOH

11th Pennsylvania Infantry

11th Pennsylvania Monument

Located on   Doubleday Avenue on Oak Ridge.  The monument indicates the position held by the 11th Pennsylvania Infantry on the afternoon of July 1, 1863

Dedication Date: September 3, 1889.

Description and Notes:. A uniformed Infantryman stands atop the pedestal.  On the base lies the regimental dog.  Sallie, the regimental bull terrier mascot, was found after the battle guarding the wounded and dead of her regiment.  She was with the regiment through the Siege of Petersburg where she was killed.

The 11th Pennsylvania Infantry was also known as The Bloody Eleventh having received the nickname at the Battle of Falling Waters, Virginia in July of 1861. 

Commander: Col. Richard Coulter, Sr.

Number Engaged: 292

Casualties: 5 killed, 52 wounded, 60 missing

Raised: Latrobe Pennsylvania (organized in in Westmoreland County Pennsylvania) August 1861.

 Mustered out July 1, 1865

Major Battles and Events:  Cedar Mountain; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Regiment reenlisted January 5, 1864; The Wilderness; Spotsylvania; Cold Harbor; Petersburg; Five Forks; Appomattox; Grand Review

As usual, I hope you enjoyed this post, please feel free to comment.

1st Corps Information Continues

1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Corps

Army of the Potomac

The 1st Corps, 2nd Division, 1st Brigade was also known as Paul’s Brigade. During the battle of Gettysburg, it served as a member of Robinson's Division of the First Corps, Army of the Potomac.

Commanders at Gettysburg included Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul who was wounded and replaced by Colonel Samuel H. Leonard of the 13th Massachusetts.

Brigadier General Gabriel Rene Paul (Blinded at Gettysburg)

Col Leonard was wounded on July 1, and was replaced by Col. Adrian R. Root from the 94th New York.  Root was wounded and taken prisoner by Confederate troops on July 1 and was replaced by Col. Richard Coulter from the 11th Pennsylvania of the Second Brigade, Second Division, First Corps.  Coulter suffered a slight wound on July 1, but continued leading the brigade only ceding control to Col Peter Lyle of the 90th Pennsylvania (also of the 2nd Brigade) for a few hours on July 3rd and then finally ceding to Lyle on July 5th.

The Brigade consisted of troops from the 16th Maine, 13th Massachusetts, 94th and 104th New York, and the  107th Pennsylvania Infantry.

Monument marking area fought for by 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 1st Corps.

Corps Marker just west of Doubleday Avenue on Oak Ridge.  Note the Eternal Peace Light Memorial in background.

Brigade History at Gettysburg (per Brigade Marker)

July 1

Arrived about noon and went into position on the ridge near the Seminary and threw up Breastworks. About half past 2 R M. moved to the right of Corps in support of Second Brigade. Repulsed repeated attacks and was engaged until 4 R M. then retired to Seminary Ridge and constructed Breastworks. The 11th Pennsylania. was transferred from the Second Brigade.

July 2

About noon relieved by Third Division Second Corps and went to rear in support of batteries on Cemetery Hill. At sunset moved to the left to support the Third Corps and returned to Cemetery Hill.

July 3.

 At 9 A. M. went to support of Twelfth Corps and at 3 P. M. to the left and took position on right of Second Corps in support of a battery and there remained until the close of the battle.

Casualties Killed 2 Officers 49 Men Wounded 36 Officers 321 Men Captured or Missing 40 Officers 593 Men Total 1041

16th Maine Infantry

16th Maine Infantry

 Doubleday Avenue 

Monument indicates the first position held by the 16th Maine Infantry on July 1, 1863.

Dedication Date: October 3, 1889.  

Secondary Monuments and Markers:  Intersection of Doubleday Avenue and Mummasburg Road  Small stone position marker denotes the location held by the 16th Maine at 4 PM on July 1, 1863

Secondary Monument to 16th Maine at Intersection of Doubleday Avenue and Mummasburg Road

Commander: Col. Charles W. Tilden (1832-1914).  Captured on July1 .

Number Engaged: 311

Casualties: 9 killed, 59 wounded, 164 missing

Regimental History:Organized at Augusta Maine and mustered in August 14, 1862 Mustered out June 5, 1865. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry. Regiment lost during service 9 Officers and 172 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 257 Enlisted men by disease. Total 440.

94th New York Infantry

94th New York Infantry Monument

Doubleday Avenue, Oak Ridge 

Indicates the position held on the afternoon of July 1, 1863 until forced to retreat by Confederate pressure .

Dedication Date: 1888. 

 Main Inscription: DULCE ET DECORUM/EST PRO PATRIA MORI 

The Regiment was also known as Belle Jefferson Rifles

Number Engaged: 445

Casualties: 12 killed, 58 wounded, 175 missing

Raised: Jefferson County New York. The 94th was formed from a consolidation of the 94th and 105th Regiments.

Regimental History

Organized at Sackett’s Harbor, N.Y., and mustered in March 10, 1862.

Mustered out July 18, 1865. Regiment lost during service 5 Officers and 105 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 137 Enlisted men by disease. Total 247.

13th Massachusetts Infantry

13th Massachusetts Infantry

Located on Robinson Avenue near base of Oak Hill. Marks position held by 13th Massachusetts Infantry July 1, 1863 prior to retreat of Paul’s Brigade to Cemetery Hill.

Dedication Date: October 1885.

Full-length figure of uniformed Color Sargent Roland G. Morris The monument also indicates the spot where color sergeant Roland G. Morris fell

Commander: Col. Samuel H. Leonard (1825-1902). Wounded slightly on July 1.

Number Engaged: 284

Casualties: 7 killed, 77 wounded, 101 missing

Raised: Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Worchester counties Massachusetts. 

Organized at Fort Independence June 16, 1861 Mustered out August 1, 1864. Regiment lost during service 4 Officers and 117 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 40 Enlisted men by disease. Total 161.

104th New York Infantry

104th New York Infantry Monument

Located on Robinson Avenue, Oak Ridge

Dedication Date: September 4, 1888.

Regiment was also known as The Wadsworth Guards

Number Engaged: 309

Casualties: 11 killed, 91 wounded, 92 missing

Raised: In Livingston and Rensselaer counties New York.

Organized at Genesee, N.Y., October, 1861, to March, 1862

Mustered out July 17, 1865. Regiment lost during service 5 Officers and 81 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 145 Enlisted men by disease. Total 233.

107th Pennsylvania Infantry

107th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument

Located on Doubleday Avenue (Oak Ridge)

Dedication Date: Sept. 11, 1889

This marker indicates the position held by the 107th Pennsylvania Infantry on July 1, 1863 from 1:00 P.M. until forced to retire toward town.

Secondary Monuments and Markers

Marker to July 2nd and 3rd Position

Located on North Hancock Avenue at Ziegler’s Grove 

Number Engaged: 255

Casualties: 11 killed, 56 wounded, 98 missing

Raised: In Cumberland, Daulphin, Franklin, Lebanon, and York counties Pennsylvania

Organized at Harrisburg February 20 to March 8, 1862 Mustered out July 13, 1865. Regiment lost during service 2 Officers and 106 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 Officers and 140 Enlisted men by disease. Total 251.

As always, I hope you enjoyed this post and learned something from it.  Feel free to leave comments, I always answer them.